Definition:
It is the action or practice of dishonestly determining the outcome of a match before it is played
Explanation:
In organized sports, match fixing occurs as a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result, violating the rules of the game and often the law. There is a variety of reasons for this, but the most common is in exchange for a payoff from gamblers.
Some of the examples of match fixings:
1. Australia
Four Englishman – Reiss Noel, David Obaze, Joe Woolley and Nicholas McKoy – were among players who appeared in court in September over charges relating to alleged match-fixing. The allegations relate to the last four 2013 games of Melbourne team Southern Stars, when they conceded 13 goals without scoring. The players have been released on bail to reappear at court next Friday.
2. Singapore
In what is thought to be a milestone in the worldwide match-fixing crackdown, 14 people including the notorious ringleader, Dan Tan, were arrested in Singapore earlier this year. The arrests came seven months after the EU identified Singapore as the base for a vast web of fixers who are believed to have manipulated games in Asia and Europe for years.
3. Germany
In 2005 a £1.7 million match-fixing scandal centred on second-division referee Robert Hoyzer, who admitted fixing matches for a Croat betting ring. Four years later, investigators from an organised crime task force in Bochum uncovered a network that German police believe may have been responsible for fixing as many as 300 matches across Europe, as well as a failed attempt to rig a Champions League tie between Liverpool and Debrecen.
4. Brazil
In 2005 a group of millionaire investors bribed two referees to fix results. The Brazilian Football Federation, two referees and a businessman were found guilty of “moral prejudice inflicted on supporters” in 2011 and fined a total of 180 million reais (£48 million).
5. China
33 players and officials were banned for life and 12 clubs penalised after a three-year probe into match-fixing found that it was rife in the country. The Shanghai Shenhua club were fined one million yuan (£100,000) earlier this year and stripped of their 2003 league title for rigging a game.
6. Hungary
44 Hungarians and one Singaporean national face up to 16 years in prison each for their part in an international match-fixing conspiracy dating back to 2009. The cheating affected 32 games, including an international match between two countries, a Serie A match, three in the Finnish league and 11 Hungarian First Division matches.
7. Turkey
Aziz Yildirim, the Fenerbahce president, was among about 30 people arrested in a match-fixing inquiry. He received a three-year sentence but was released on bail pending an appeal, and was re-elected as president. He insists on his innocence.
8. Finland
Wilson Raj Perumal, who was named as a contact by the fixer at the centre of this week’s allegations involving English teams, was sentenced to two years in prison in 2011 for bribing players in the Finnish league. Seven Zambian and two Georgian players from Rovaniemi received suspended sentences.
9. Zimbabwe
The Zimbabwe Football Association banned 15 players and officials for life in 2012 following their involvement in a match-fixing scandal dating back to 2007. About 80 footballers were suspended because of alleged involvement in Asian betting syndicates linked to match-fixing.
10. Austria
Dominique Taboga, released by his club SV Groedig two weeks ago over match-fixing allegations, was arrested on Wednesday. The club said he had admitted trying to persuade four team-mates to manipulate matches, but was refused. Prosecutors in Graz said they were investigating suspected match-fixing of 15 second-tier games between 2009 and 2011
11. Nigeria
Fifa has yet to announce the outcome of an investigation into Nigeria’s 4-1 friendly win over Argentina in June 2011. The game featured Premier League players Pablo Zabaleta, John Obi Mikel and Victor Anichebe. With Nigeria leading 4-0, it saw a huge swing on some in-play gambling markets that appeared to anticipate a fifth goal. Referee Ibrahim Chaibou awarded five minutes of stoppage-time but let play carry on until, in the eighth minute of additional play, he wrongly awarded a penalty to Argentina. There is no suggestion any of wrongdoing on the players’ part.
12. Bahrain
Fifa has yet to announce the outcome of an investigation into a September 2011 friendly between Bahrain and a ‘fake’ Togo team. That match, which Bahrain won 3-0, was organised by Wilson Raj Perumal and was refereed by Ibrahim Chaibou.
13. South Africa
Ibrahim Chaibou was in charge of South Africa’s 5-0 friendly win in 2010 over Guatemala shortly before the World Cup. A Fifa report found “compelling evidence” that pre-tournament matches involving the host nation had been fixed, with Wilson Raj Perumal at the centre of appointing referees for their games. Chaibou gave three penalties for handball in the South Africa-Guatemala game. Chaibou has since retired from refereeing and has denied any wrongdoing.
14. Spain
Deportivo La Coruña’s 4-0 win over Levante on April 13 this year is one of three Primera Liga matches being investigated by the Spanish league. Deportivo, fighting relegation from La Liga, scored three times in 16 first-half minutes. Javier Barkero accused some of Levante team-mates of not trying, but later withdrew the allegation.
15. Italy
Former Italy footballer Giuseppe Signori was among 16 people arrested in 2011 over match-fixing allegations in 18 games, including Serie A matches. Signori was banned from any football-related activity for five years. Just five months later, a further 17 were arrested, and another 14 the following year, all on separate allegations.
16. India
Sreesanth was arrested at his friend's house, whereas Chandila and Chavan were arrested from their team hotel in Mumbai. Rajasthan Royals suspended the contracts of the three players until the investigation was complete. Delhi police have claimed that Sreesanth and Chavan have confessed being involved in the spot fixing. The police also claimed that Chandila had tried to get other players, including Chavan, involved in the spot fixing under the direction of the bookies.In a separate case, Mumbai Police arrested Vindu Dara Singh and Gurunath Meiyappan for alleged betting and having links with bookies.
17. South Africa
April 7, 2000 Delhi police charge Hansie Cronje with fixing South Africa's ODIs against India in March for money. They also release transcripts of an alleged conversation between Cronje and an Indian businessman, suggested to be a bookie, Sanjay Chawla.
18. Nepal
Recenetly
It is the action or practice of dishonestly determining the outcome of a match before it is played
Explanation:In organized sports, match fixing occurs as a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result, violating the rules of the game and often the law. There is a variety of reasons for this, but the most common is in exchange for a payoff from gamblers.
Some of the examples of match fixings:
1. Australia
Four Englishman – Reiss Noel, David Obaze, Joe Woolley and Nicholas McKoy – were among players who appeared in court in September over charges relating to alleged match-fixing. The allegations relate to the last four 2013 games of Melbourne team Southern Stars, when they conceded 13 goals without scoring. The players have been released on bail to reappear at court next Friday.
2. Singapore
In what is thought to be a milestone in the worldwide match-fixing crackdown, 14 people including the notorious ringleader, Dan Tan, were arrested in Singapore earlier this year. The arrests came seven months after the EU identified Singapore as the base for a vast web of fixers who are believed to have manipulated games in Asia and Europe for years.
3. Germany
In 2005 a £1.7 million match-fixing scandal centred on second-division referee Robert Hoyzer, who admitted fixing matches for a Croat betting ring. Four years later, investigators from an organised crime task force in Bochum uncovered a network that German police believe may have been responsible for fixing as many as 300 matches across Europe, as well as a failed attempt to rig a Champions League tie between Liverpool and Debrecen.
4. Brazil
In 2005 a group of millionaire investors bribed two referees to fix results. The Brazilian Football Federation, two referees and a businessman were found guilty of “moral prejudice inflicted on supporters” in 2011 and fined a total of 180 million reais (£48 million).
5. China
33 players and officials were banned for life and 12 clubs penalised after a three-year probe into match-fixing found that it was rife in the country. The Shanghai Shenhua club were fined one million yuan (£100,000) earlier this year and stripped of their 2003 league title for rigging a game.
6. Hungary
44 Hungarians and one Singaporean national face up to 16 years in prison each for their part in an international match-fixing conspiracy dating back to 2009. The cheating affected 32 games, including an international match between two countries, a Serie A match, three in the Finnish league and 11 Hungarian First Division matches.
7. Turkey
Aziz Yildirim, the Fenerbahce president, was among about 30 people arrested in a match-fixing inquiry. He received a three-year sentence but was released on bail pending an appeal, and was re-elected as president. He insists on his innocence.
8. Finland
Wilson Raj Perumal, who was named as a contact by the fixer at the centre of this week’s allegations involving English teams, was sentenced to two years in prison in 2011 for bribing players in the Finnish league. Seven Zambian and two Georgian players from Rovaniemi received suspended sentences.
9. Zimbabwe
The Zimbabwe Football Association banned 15 players and officials for life in 2012 following their involvement in a match-fixing scandal dating back to 2007. About 80 footballers were suspended because of alleged involvement in Asian betting syndicates linked to match-fixing.
10. Austria
Dominique Taboga, released by his club SV Groedig two weeks ago over match-fixing allegations, was arrested on Wednesday. The club said he had admitted trying to persuade four team-mates to manipulate matches, but was refused. Prosecutors in Graz said they were investigating suspected match-fixing of 15 second-tier games between 2009 and 2011
11. Nigeria
Fifa has yet to announce the outcome of an investigation into Nigeria’s 4-1 friendly win over Argentina in June 2011. The game featured Premier League players Pablo Zabaleta, John Obi Mikel and Victor Anichebe. With Nigeria leading 4-0, it saw a huge swing on some in-play gambling markets that appeared to anticipate a fifth goal. Referee Ibrahim Chaibou awarded five minutes of stoppage-time but let play carry on until, in the eighth minute of additional play, he wrongly awarded a penalty to Argentina. There is no suggestion any of wrongdoing on the players’ part.
12. Bahrain
Fifa has yet to announce the outcome of an investigation into a September 2011 friendly between Bahrain and a ‘fake’ Togo team. That match, which Bahrain won 3-0, was organised by Wilson Raj Perumal and was refereed by Ibrahim Chaibou.
13. South Africa
Ibrahim Chaibou was in charge of South Africa’s 5-0 friendly win in 2010 over Guatemala shortly before the World Cup. A Fifa report found “compelling evidence” that pre-tournament matches involving the host nation had been fixed, with Wilson Raj Perumal at the centre of appointing referees for their games. Chaibou gave three penalties for handball in the South Africa-Guatemala game. Chaibou has since retired from refereeing and has denied any wrongdoing.
14. Spain
Deportivo La Coruña’s 4-0 win over Levante on April 13 this year is one of three Primera Liga matches being investigated by the Spanish league. Deportivo, fighting relegation from La Liga, scored three times in 16 first-half minutes. Javier Barkero accused some of Levante team-mates of not trying, but later withdrew the allegation.
15. Italy
Former Italy footballer Giuseppe Signori was among 16 people arrested in 2011 over match-fixing allegations in 18 games, including Serie A matches. Signori was banned from any football-related activity for five years. Just five months later, a further 17 were arrested, and another 14 the following year, all on separate allegations.
16. India
Sreesanth was arrested at his friend's house, whereas Chandila and Chavan were arrested from their team hotel in Mumbai. Rajasthan Royals suspended the contracts of the three players until the investigation was complete. Delhi police have claimed that Sreesanth and Chavan have confessed being involved in the spot fixing. The police also claimed that Chandila had tried to get other players, including Chavan, involved in the spot fixing under the direction of the bookies.In a separate case, Mumbai Police arrested Vindu Dara Singh and Gurunath Meiyappan for alleged betting and having links with bookies.
17. South Africa
April 7, 2000 Delhi police charge Hansie Cronje with fixing South Africa's ODIs against India in March for money. They also release transcripts of an alleged conversation between Cronje and an Indian businessman, suggested to be a bookie, Sanjay Chawla.
18. Nepal
Recenetly
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